| The role of diet in cardiovascular health. A review of the evidence
Manny Noakes, Peter Clifton, Ted McMurchie
Abstract At the present time, the only conclusive dietary change that has been substantiated to reduce coronary heart disease risk appears to be factors that reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol. That is, a reduction in saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids and an increase in n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, there is clear evidence that this may be too simplistic. There is growing evidence that more complex dietary patterns, including a constellation of protective food components from cereals, fruits, vegetables, marine sources and others offer opportunity to improve cardiovascular health. Eating a diet rich in foods containing anti-oxidant vitamins, phytochemicals, folate, dietary fibre and minerals such as calcium, potassium and magnesium, appears to offer substantial additional benefits to diets low in saturated fatty acids. From what we know about current nutrient intakes, there is considerable opportunity to improve the health of Australians by strategies which encourage the consumption of such foods or food components. [Aust J Nutr Diet 1999;56(3 Suppl):S3-S22)]
Foods, nutrients and digestive health
David L. Topping, Anthony R. Bird
Abstract The role of nutrition in the prevention of gastrointestinal disease as well as in the promotion of normal function is well accepted. It is the aim of this review to present information on diet in improving the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease. This will be done in an historical context so as to enhance understanding of the development of the current position and future trends. Consumption of dietary fibre appears to be very useful for promoting laxation and relieving constipation and contributing to lowering the risk of colorectal cancer. Resistant starch contributes to large bowel health by promoting colonic fermentation and may play a role in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer. Excessive dietary fat in general seems to enhance the risk of colorectal cancer. N-3 fatty acids found in certain marine fish oils may also lower the risk of large bowel cancer and have anti-inflammatory actions which may offer promise in the control of Crohn’s disease. Folate intake (either through foods or supplements) may protect against colorectal cancer in the long term. In addition to promoting the health and wellbeing of the digestive tract, important food components (e.g. soluble fibre) can assist in modulating the passage of food so as to optimise the digestive process. Expected changes include slowing of small intestinal transit and lowering of glycaemic impact which may be of benefit in prevention and management of diabetes. [Aust J Nutr Diet 1999;56(3 Suppl):S22-S34)] |
Australian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Volume 56, Number 3, September 1999 Supplement